Report on Foreign Direct Investment of The Toyota Motor Corporation Term Paper

Report on Foreign groom Investment of The Toyota Motor Corporation - Term Paper ExampleAccording to 2010 financial data, India is the macrocosms fourth largest economy by purchasing power parity and tenth largest by nominal GDP. As per International Monetary Funds report, the democracys per capita GDP is $3,339 in 2010. As Shurtleft and Aoyagi back breaker out, India initiated its free market operations in 1991, and that highly boosted Indias sparing growth (999). The countrys industrial operations account for 28% of the GDP and it employs 14% of the total workforce. Indias economy is the worlds 12th biggest in terms of nominal factory output whereas it is 13th on the scope of service output. The country has achieved significant improvements in its energy and power resources during the last few decades Indias rock oil reserves are capable of meeting the countrys 25% of the domestic oil demand. surface structured Indian banking system plays a notable role in supporting Indias economic growth. A stable currency is another prominent feature of Indian economy. Hence, the economic factors of India offer emf opportunities for Toyota in the market. Despite these positive economic elements, the country has been facing serious income inequalities, higher unemployment, and increasing anatomy of malnourished children. Higher unemployment rate in India may be beneficial for the Toyota to obtain labors at cheaper costs. The countrys exports increased 22.3% in November 2010 whereas the imports rose by 7.5%. Similarly, the countrys trade deficit dropped from $10.45 cardinal in 2009 to $8.94 billion in 2010. Political Scenario India is the largest economy in the world and a federal positive republic. The countrys political situation is more or less stable. While analyzing the democratic invoice of India, it is obvious that Government of India has been led by the Indian National Congress most times. The Indian secern politics is dominated by several national parti es including INC, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and a number of other regional parties. Presently, the Government of India is being led by the INC by winning with a surprising majority in the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections. Different political parties represent different societies and regions and their core values can have a big(p) influence on the Indian political spectrum. Since India is a democratic country, the Toyota may sometimes confront with agitations as occurred in the case of Coca Cola. However, the Indian government believes that foreign investment would significantly contribute to the speedy economic growth of the country. Therefore, the political spectrum of India offers opportunities for Toyota. By the end of 1970s, India liberalized its foreign trade policy and it provided multinational firms give away access to Indian market (Dahlman & Utz,). As a result, India

Exploring Information Technology Careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exploring Information Technology Careers - see ExampleA computer software larner is someone who designs and develops new softwares by applying different computing and numeric theories. They go through a step by step phase, where it starts from analyzing an organization deficiency this regard creates an vagary followed by planning, designing, coding, testing and finally evolving into new software which then reflects the change in technology. They can develop any software including computer games, operating systems, network related and business applications. Businesses will always need to upgrade, optimize and customize their computer systems due to which the job prospects of software developers will always remain high.A computer network system consultant assists a corporation with analyzing, designing their information technology networks much(prenominal) as LAN/WAN, Cisco switching, IP Telephony, etc. They may be contracted to evaluate the need of the client, documenting and d esigning the required network and also recommending the equipments and networking softwares required to meet the target.

Design For Disassembly And Transformation Research Paper

Design For dismantling And Transformation - Research Paper ExampleThe need for DfD, that stands for Design for Disassembly, has thoroughly been discussed in this research paper. lamentable forward, it is being attempted that certain computer oriented systems would be made, that would do the DfD process on their own. The researcher states that this would take the processing off human beings minds and would eliminate the reluctance that any person may bewilder at the design level phase. It is also suggested that the toy-design for disassembly and transformation of cars be implemented into real world. Recently, A groups of students from the Stanford and the Aalto University in Finland designed a prototype for a laptop that was designed so as to underpin to all the standards of design for disassembly. When disassembled, the electronic components of the laptop get carried into an envelop to an e-cycling destination. The laws made for the successful implementation of Dfd and sustainab ility should be implemented for sure and the services of companies such as HOBI International should be taken well into account. This friendship assists in the disposal of electronics. HOBI buys, cells and dis assembles electronics ranging from all sorts of computers to all sorts of communications equipments. In conclusion, the researcher states that the idea of the electrically operated expression blocks is given so as to give an idea of the way electrically operable goods should be produced in the real life. This would enhance their usability and thus would serve the purpose of sustainability as well.

Starbucks case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starbucks case - Essay Example twain the issues have emerged as vital ingredients of success that influence customer purchase behaviour and challenge the posture quo of companies that becomes complacent in its performance and growth.The decision of Starbucks to diverse its business interests was primarily aimed at exploiting new opportunities for gaining trade leverage. Coombe and Georghiou, (2002) assert that model of network relationship provide firms with plethora of informed choices for enhancing their performance outcome. Forging strategic business alliances become necessary business tools in the ever expanding and competitive global environment. In the ready transforming business dynamics, firms, therefore, are increasingly adopting new ways to meet the challenges of the evolving business compulsions. Changing preferences become genius of the major motivating factors for fostering alliances as it helps firms to add value to their existing products and at the same time, help s them to widen and maintain leverage against their rivals. Hence, Startbucks has bright future prospects and Poole should hold on to the Starbucks stocks. (words

Population Health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Population Health - Assignment ExampleArticle by Saxe, (2011) indicates that in regularize to win the war against childhood obesity that has been on the increase, it is important to involve the whole community in the project from the parents, to the physicians and anyone else in between. In this article, the general assumption is that by the community becoming involved quite an than purely relying on only one party, the children will be protected from eating un rose-cheeked forage and ensure that they carry out regular visible exercises and not only sit playing image games at all times.The other article discusses how nurses should rom the time children are born advice on healthy dietary measures at each and every age. This will help solve the issue from the root feature Berkowitz & Borchard, (2009). In this article, the authors explain how women after birth listen to the advices provided by nurses and especially the first time mothers and delineate that advice to the letter. N urses are quite knowledgeable on the best diets for the children at each stage and incorporation of somatogenic activities and hence are in the best position to disseminate this information to the parents.Obesity is on the cut and the policies that have been established to end it have not been effective. In order to get a coarse lasting and effective solution, it is important for the stakeholders who include teachers and parents to stock their houses and classrooms with only healthy snacks. The other step is to inhibition the sale of sweets and sugared beverages to children without adult supervision as well as have constant physical exercises in school and at home.The objective should aim at reducing significantly the amount of sugary beverages and unhealthy food the susceptible population are engaging in. These will ultimately improve their diet. It similarly aims at encouraging healthy lifestyle through physical exercises and

Income Taxation Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Income Taxation Project - question Paper ExampleHe is thinking on the various aspects and benefits of loan like tax implications, deductions, and alternative minimum tax (AMT) etc. He wants to be wise in taking the loan, so that he doesnt miss any of the tax benefits. He is overly seeking further tax advice on this and wants to know if the tax deductions for foretoken owners will cause him to pay more AMT than which he normally pays because of his tall income.2. Mr. Block faecal matter avail tax benefits on as per the regulations specified in IRS Publication 936 chief(prenominal) Content. This includes mortgage sideline, mortgage lodge in premiums etc. He can also detect the payments made during bargain for such as Real Estate Taxes (IRS Publication 530, Main content). If he prepays the interest for mortgage that interest can also be deducted as mortgage interest as per Topic 504, Home mortgage Points.4. The amount of loan Mr. Block requires is greater than $100,000. In th at case, he will non be equal to deduct all the interest he pays towards the loan. This is present in Topic 504, Home Mortgage points.The loan period also plays a major role in the deductions he can avail. He can avail benefits if the loan period is not greater than 30 years. Also, Mr. Block can reduce the interest only if the debt is a secured debt. Further details can be obtained from IRS Publication 936 Main Content.5. Mr. Block should also be concerned about the various Fraud practices and schemes such as property flipping, more than wizard settlement statement for the same house etc. as mentioned in the IRS Mortgage and Real country Fraud section.1. Does his earlier investment or salary have any impact on the level best loan amount that he can get? What will be the case if he does not have a steady income and investment? Will he be able to buy the house?Generally, home mortgage interest is any interest you pay on a loan secured by your home (main home or a second home).

Experimental economics summary paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Experimental economics summary paper - Essay Example all(prenominal) market involved a series of trading periods in which market participants were free to buy and sell. The institutions universe examined are a series of price ceilings and price controls. The study would focus on the following ternion aspects of market behavior price levels and market volumes, market responses to institutional modifications, and efficiency. The experiment led to two major results and a conjecture. First market behavior under price controls is more closely approximated by the agonistical model than by the focal point model. Secondly market under price controls exhibit behavioral regularities that are not included in standard analysis. Four of those regularizes are a) controls at the competitive correspondence cause market to diverge from the competitive equilibrium b) removal of nonbinding control induces changes in market prices c) inefficiencies bring on by are greater than those predicted by standard application d) adjustment of prices when biding controls are removed appeared to be involved an initial discontinuity or jump rather than a continuous movement. The results of the article can be summarized in that the familiar partial equilibrium model works remarkably well to describe laboratory auction market behavior in the presence of price controls and when price controls are binding.

Thomas King's Truth about Stories and Its Impact on Social Workers Assignment

Thomas Kings Truth about Stories and Its Impact on genial Workers - Assignment ExampleI think this is a message that is especially important for social workers to come about in mind as they struggle to help those who are not a part of the overriding culture or socio-economic class.One thing that makes Kings message so effective is the personal t peerless in which he tells all his stories. He frequently speaks to the reader and is not shy about telling us when he is aiming for a narrative-telling t unitary. In the first chapter, he tells two different population myths, superstar Christian, and one indigene. The tones he uses to tell them are very different, as he points out afterwards. In the Native story, he says, I tried to recreate an oral storytelling voice and craft the story in foothold of a performance for a general audience (King, 2003, p.22). However, the Christian version told with a less kittenish tone, used a sober voice which makes for a formal recitation but cre ates a horse sense of veracity (King, 2003, p.23).Kings stories in the book usually use a mix of these two tones, and the result is one which speaks directly to people and seems realistic without being unengaging. Also, the storytelling tone is part of the problem King wishes to speak about, that Native people are never really taken seriously and understood from their own points of view, but lumped into one big category, Native, and viewed as a sort of childish un-advanced race of people. As he says of his Native creation myth, the conversation voice tends to highlight the exuberance of the story but diminishes its authority (King, 2003, p.22-23). This, usually in the make-believe of focusing on Native performers who had to struggle to figure out whether they were still Native Americans or something else entirely, is a central theme throughout the book, along with the stereotyping that causes this main problem.

Violence Against Women (CASE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Violence Against Women (CASE) - Essay ExampleThe bystander program on strength against women emphasizes all members within the confederacy play a role in ensuring violence against women does not occur. A bystander is the person who witnesses a role and is neither the victim nor the perpetrator but in someway the person could make a variance if involved in the situation (Postmus, 2013). In many different cases, the bystander program has been found to prevent manageable cases of different forms of possible violence. However, in stripe of violence against women, the bystander program has not produced effective results.Most cases of violence against women mainly occur at family level and therefore any bystander would find it difficult to into family matters. In roughly communities, the family setting recognizes the male as the head of the family and thus is some way justifies the m beating their wives (Davis, S. (2012). contempt this being a form of violence, which is unhingedeg al, the bystanders may find it difficult to interrupt or prevent it overdue the cultural justification in it and the respect for a family. Violence on women is often characterized by ill behavior and is seen as disciplinary action to the woman and hence it is difficult to differentiate between a violence case and intended disciplinary action on a wife (OToole, 2005). It is therefore in appropriate to consider a bystander program as a solution to curb violence on women.Bystander programs could be implemented effectively in other cases such as control of violence among students in a school. It could be effective in such as situation since all the people in the school are at an equal level. It could also be effective in a prevention of sexual violence in universities and college it could be effective in such cases since all the people run to a similar level and sexual violence is easily identifiable. Various adjustments need to be make

Illustrate techniques that influence performance Essay

Illustrate techniques that influence performance - Essay slipThese are personalities who like to be sensually animated and sexually roused. They regard eroticism as an thick source of pleasure and prompt their romanticism through cuddling, tenderness and amorous care. They enjoy living wiz day at a time and prefer interruption to solemn work.These incoporate stack motivated by Financial Incentive strive for a huge pay-off that comes as the fruit of their labor. They need to feel that their income and benefits gibe the value of the time and energy they invest in their work. While it is a shared motivator, most people identify with high income earners, (those who do not necessity to work for peanuts), these individuals place more importance on remuneration than the average worker. This is not to say they are only after the big bucks their main impact is having the money to afford a specific lifestyle that gives them the drive to succeed. They are willing to invest themselves, h owever will not do so without significant pay-off (Pandey, 2005). Apart from a desire to make an passing high salary within a short time to feel happy upon employment, they would also want to see the long-term reward for the personal investment they put into their

Project financing and risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Project financing and risk caution - Essay ExampleThe risk teams work extremely hard to help to maintain the reputation as well as fiscal performance of the NCB Jamaica Ltd ? and also ensure that the intrust functions responsibly and assists the business to put forward in a meaningful and sustainable way. As corporate responsibility has turned out to be the buzzword in the banking business, banks are being forced to enthusiastically engage in providing to sustainable organic evolution? given their intermediate position in the fiscal system. The primary objective of this study is to recognize mixed risks? particularly the strategic risks faced by the banking industry and how to mitigate them. Strategic risk take post from the inability of an institution to execute suitable business plans and strategies, resource allocation after making smart decisions and its incapability to adjust to the changes occurring in its business environment. It is very important for banks to be serious in improving, measuring stick and reporting their risks as well as goals and objectives of their organization? as they will ultimately be trap to fight on benchmarking with competitors. 2. Introduction and Background. Jamaica is the third major(ip) island in Caribbean. National Commercial Bank Jamaica Ltd. (NCB Jamaica) is Jamaicas major provider of the financial services with 37.5% marketplace share by assets of the profitable banking sector. NCB offers a wealth of financial services in the course of its network of 42 locations and more than 170 ABMs island wide. These services consist of nest egg accounts and chequing, facilities of the credit card, commercial and personal loans, insurance, and wealth management. National Commercial Bank Jamaica Limited, jointly with its subsidiaries, offers different financial banking and products and services primarily in Jamaica. National Commercial Bank Jamaica Limited reported consolidated allowance results for the fourth quarter and yea r ended September 30, 2012. For the quarter, the company reported net profit of JMD 2,685,498,000 or JMD 1.10 per basic and diluted share compared to net profit of JMD 4,616,324,000 or JMD 1.87 per basic and diluted share a year ago. http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=20357150 The First Caribbean International Bank is a major Caribbean banking whole with assets in excess of US $9.5 billion and it is the second major institution among public traded financial organizations in the area with a market capitalization of above US $2 billion. The fundamental strategic precept of NCB Jamaica philosophy includes taking into account the interest of the stakeholders, customers, employees and their satisfaction. Strategic risk is a function of A banks strategic aims Strategies of business developed in order to accomplish the goals Resources set up in search of these aims and the superiority of implementation Resources required accomplishing both t angible and intangible business strategies It consists of channels for communication, tar networks, managerial capacities and capabilities and operating systems. The internal characteristics of an organization must be assessed against the impact of competitive, technological, economic, and regulatory and the other environmental changes. Strategic risk may occur due to several factors. The primary risk to inflation in the 2011/12 financial year is the exchange rate and the pass through effect on prices if there is accelerated depreciation.

Quiz 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Quiz 4 - Assignment ExampleNixon (1974) outcome was influenced by then President Richard Nixon who authoritatively and defiantly interfered with the investigation process regarding the controversies surrounding the Democratic Party (Greenburg 58).Besides, the carrying into action of court policies is influenced by the sexual intercourse. As a supreme organ, Congress has a lot of say on exactly how judicial policies can be implemented in the country. However, this might at times go against the interpretation of the lower courts (Abraham 397). Lastly, the implementation of court decisions is influenced by the discretion of the lower courts. Since it is the Supreme Court that ferment decisions, their interpretations are always left for the lower courts. This does not effectively work because most of the decisions are timid and might not be properly interpreted by the judges of the lower courts.According to the US constitution, judiciary should be an independent institution. Meaning, it is free to discharge its duties without an unnecessary influence from any person or organ of the government (Beard 71). However, there are several occasions in which the judiciary has suffered retaliatory attacks from the Congress and president. For instance, in 1937, February, President Roosevelt Franklin retaliated the Supreme Court over its decisions regarding New Deal legislation. It was a very controversial attack that really shaped the political and judicial climate of the

Discussion a solution to the problem of the abortion Essay

Discussion a solution to the problem of the spontaneous abortion - Essay ExampleHowever, some among them approve of abortions in cases of incest and rape, taking into account the psychological trauma and succeeding(a) inconveniences that the victims have to face. But many of them think that abortion weednot a real solution to such situations, and can only increase the difficulties for those who feel guilty and paranoid after abortion. According to them, life is the most semiprecious element that we have to take into account in such situations, and not the ever-changing psychological states of people.The theme that argues that abortions should be legalized believes that it must ultimately be the choice of the woman to have abortion or not. The whim that abortion becomes a necessity to only those who are sex assault victims is contested by them, with information that proves that in most cases, failed contraceptives and other personal choices related to the maturity of the woman and family structure are the strongest reasons for abortion. If a woman is check intos that she could not manage to raise a child, she should be given the basic human license to get rid of the fetus before it grows to a child. There may be risks involved in repeated abortions, which could be discouraged with proper counseling from health professionals.Legalization of abortion with strict guidelines which would determine the genuineness of the person who requests it could be the only solution to the problem. Hasty and uninformed abortions could be discouraged. There could be a team of people who explain for the psychological aspected involved o the concerned person. Moreover, health professionals could be given an opportunity to research the valid reasons for an abortion before it is done. They may ask the person who unavoidably it to give valid reasons, and prove that she would be able to handle it psychologically. Denying a woman the right to cull when she could or could not ha ve a child will violate human

Unit 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 10 - Essay exerciseIt is also possible for women to make it to the professional level of the game thus breaking the stereotype that beingness a woman you can only be a spectator. Through a broader focus as well as access to quality education, these stereotypes are being broken. Thus through focusing on higher education, significant stereotypes can be done away with.Stereotypes are not mutable and and then stereotypes applied to particular groups do not alter over time. This in that locationfore means that we rarely spay our stereotypes frequently. This is so even in the wake of disconfirming information people often tend to dumbfound to their obviously-wrong convictions If at all people can change their stereotypes, then they do so in 3 waysBookkeeping model-as people learn more contradictory information, they incrementally change the stereotype to align with the newfound information. Thus individuals usually need a lot of information for every incremental change. Secondl y is the novelty model whereby individuals throw away old stereotypes and start all over again, frequently used when there is important disconfirming evidence. Thirdly is sub typing model which creates a stereotype that is new, mostly a sub-classification of the current stereotype (Rupert, 2010).Yes I have had an experience where someone applied a stereotype collectible to their interpretation of my skin color. I was on a tour in Africa and someone thought I am a Mexican and therefore asked much about Mexico. I had to kindly explain myself forrader they finally understood me and apologized profusely. Some of the authors discuss areas of misconception such as being mistaken for a await or a whore, for instance, in The Myth of the Latin Woman/Just Met a Girl Named mare by Judith Ortiz Cofer gives several instances where she has been taken to be a waitress simply because she is Puerto Rican. She recounts another incident where a man blocked their way

Importance of college education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Importance of college education - Research Paper manikinI strongly believe that college education is very important in the sense that it offers better charge choices and high wages likely to resolve the social instability prevailing in many families save also presents minorities with chances to climb the social ladder. However, if many people acknowledge the relevance of college education and view it as a meaningful investment, others foreground the risks related to the issue and warn about the potential danger or failure. In fact, college education is often related to high earnings and better vocation paths and opportunities nevertheless, some risk factors exist stemming from a potential failure, high rates loans and unstable labor market. This involve reveals Going to college seems to be non only profitable, but also affordable given that federal student aid programs brook guaranteed loans and tuition subsidies to needy students. Nevertheless, a progeny of academically tal ented young people do not attend a postsecondary institution (Becker). The controversy about the importance or not of college education whitethorn explain why these smart students choose not to further their studies even though the proponents of college education capacity advise them to believe in the investment. College education is very important because it provides graduates with better career opportunities. Compared to high drill graduates or those without any degree, college graduates hurt a better chance to find a more fulfilling job. Their long time spent in college allow them to have a better consideration in the job market, and they whitethorn land a very good job that matches their credentials and training. Indeed, college education helps to boost the chances of those who postulate for a job and give them a better impression from recruiters. This critic observes In most modern inn today, education has become the key element in the process of social mobility. Educationa l qualification and the number of years completed at schools have become the most important yardstick needed for occupational attainment (Yusuf). This connection between college education, especially the number of years spent in school, and better career opportunities has become a reality in most societies in which education is dearly prised and reflects the someones talent, devotion and skills. These better career opportunities also lead to higher income because the best jobs provide larger salaries. Therefore, college education gives graduates a better chance to have a high earning compared to those who do not have their qualification. This possibility to acquire more income allows college graduates to appreciate the time they spent in school because it provides them with economic license and stability. This economic independence makes college education resemble a sound investment that has become most profitable. This study confirms Education is an investment with high return. In fact, the mean return on education is similar to that of equity, and off the beaten track(predicate) greater than the return to bonds or gold. The high return to assets such as equity can be justified by their high risk (Juud). Comparing college education to equity greater than gold demonstrates the value of such an education and the opportunity it represents to graduates. This financial aspect that allows people to earn enough money to prosecute care of their expenses and need represents the first step toward achieving a total economic freedom. Analyzing the results of another

Blue Ocean Strategy Paper Essay Example for Free

grim maritime Strategy in the altogetherspaper publisher EssayThe Blue Ocean Strategy focuses on the three industries that closely touch peoples lives. Areas they looked at were Autos, Computers and Movie and what companies within those fields are doing to managing sustainable profit and ontogenesis through the strain of time. The creation of a fat ocean system places its focus on strategic moves to place their marque in position long past its rise to fame. Rather than focusing on creating a follow and battling your enemys blue ocean strategy gears to fore modeling innovations and products to make oceans of uncontested merchandise space. (W. Kim, 2004) A product strategy that is much a product of managerial action, rather than the creation or purpose of new grocery space but the development and evolution of the products rather than the company.Primary Strategy coatablenessThe blue ocean strategy bring forths a look at the host of companies in the thirty electr opositive industries and the differentiate players within them. The process of analyzing and studying the leading and succeederful players and the unsuccessful and failing competition. Looking for clean-cut and common differences between the groups, as well as the commonalities to discover the common factors that lead to the successful growth of one and failings of the other. The consistent variable common pattern that shows focusing on competition does not set aside for long shape successful companies. The common practice is the within the market place the competition genius strategy has little advantages to it. (W. Kim, 2004) The irrelevant old school theory that out doing your competitors was not the road to take that leads to profit and success. Placing the value in innovation and creation forget lend itself to a new gather up and achieve a value that has a largely dominate market with high payoffs and cater an ocean that separates you from the completion.The creation a nd break out of strategic pricing and targeting the strategy of new demands and thinking of new ideas that competitors are not offering with strategic pricing and low cost you can create a new market that is far beyond the application and competitors you seek to outdo. Marketing from the point of view of the node or consumer rather than what planning and research will outdo your competition shows no long term successful models, and the continual innovation and meeting the visionary demands of a new market will bury you as the sole leader of a this variation of new product.Similar Strategic MoveBlue ocean strategy shows the critical importance of focusing your strategy not on competition or trying to reinvent the wheel, but innovation and creation of demand that in 20 years will be the trend the need and meet the customer needs that competition (established or not) chip in failed to see. central factors of use of the company talent and resources such as cost and general broad c ustomer generic products will satisfy the moment but mostly established players succeed and ride the roller coaster of size and market share. The best example that uses the blue ocean strategy is the Fitness industry and the success of wellness Clubs. The lyceum and fitness industry is a mostly new industry in the States and since the 1970s/1980s has had more than its fair share of failures as the innovations and offerings mixed with demand were not there. The importance of wellness and taking care of yourself as well as the eternal trend of looking good was a trend that was gaining strength and today has become a way of life (or you will have no life you will be dead).Golds gym which is credited for taking the fitness gym to the level of meeting a way of life in America that has now become a way of life. Insurance companies, doctors, social circles, advertisements, daily activities and stamina, and the demand of your own mother to exercise stay in shape, be healthy is a must. You r insurance companies, your employer, social circles even give discounts, benefits and incentives for those who enroll in gyms and health ordinations. Today Golds gym has survived the revolving door of new gym clubs that come on the market and leave. Various fitness trends have made things such as cycling, weight lifting, yoga, kick boxing to depute sub-specialty industries who match the servicesand demand for health and fitness in huge industry. The estimated revenue of health clubs in the US being $25 Billion dollars a year, and an estimated database of over 48 Million members in America (1/8 of the total US Population) the industry started just thirty to forty years ago is huge. (Statista.com, 2013) modernistic ways of bring people in to use their facilities and offering of different amenities and services has been the key to what companies will stand the test of time and which will fold.Trying to out price the customers has led to the colonisation of many successful gyms (in their time) however, not using innovation that would separate them from the competition in terms of staying a head of the curve for demand and trends lead to their closure. Companies that have taken risk such as LA Fitness and 24 bit Fitness may very well be huge capital makers and leaders in the market but take on many elements of those that focused on insurance coverage and competition. Their size may make it difficult for creative new products and services as they have hundreds of clubs in several countries that employ thousands of people that need to be trained and adjusted. Strategy today continues to lend to the success and meet demands and needs of the industry customers want such as multiple locations, low cost, and amenities.Red Ocean Version Pro ConAn alternative red ocean move for the health club industry is Bellys Total Fitness. A onetime industry leader and attributed for making the health club business a chain group in the US is now all but turn and absorbed by l arger and constantly redeveloping competitors such as LA Fitness and 24 Hour Fitness. The signature and staple business model may have been both the success and failure of the business. offer multiple locations within the same network and multi-amenity locations that put them as an up and coming trend that cast a shadow of industry leader Golds Gym. The outgrowth health clubs such as LA Fitness, and 24 Hour Fitness observed the success of Bellys and began to open up locations with similar features, but at lower cost to members and offering the latest and greatest in programs, equipment and services.The blue ocean strategy that LA Fitness and 24 Hour fitness use of reading the trends and demands of members and pursuit the strong national focus of fitness and health has allowed them to consume the once leading and fellow competitors growing their network and member base tolevels never expected. With the industry being so new its surd to see if places such as LA Fitness and 24 Hour fitness will populate the test of time is a question only time can answer. What I do sleep with is that if they are executing an effective strategy of innovation versus the research and development and focusing on and competitor intelligence will show no advantage for their market share and long term profits.decisivenessThe fundamentals of blue ocean strategy rest solely in the creation of value seen by the customer and lower cost while simultaneously differentiating your brand, product or service within industry and rejecting old world style tunnel-vision focus strategy of your competitors. By delivering these important features of blue ocean strategy you create a sustained powerful impact on a distinct market that benefits what would have been your competition and creates blue oceans of new opportunity that spin off into a new existing market that you have all to yourself.ReferencesPerreault, W. D. (2011). Basic Marketing A marketing strategy planning approach (19th ed). immat ure York McGraw-Hill Irwin. Statista.com. (2013). U.S. Health Club Industry . New York Ipsos Media, Simmons National Consumer Studies and Consumer Insights from Scarborough Research. W. Kim, R. M. (2004). Blue Ocean Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 10(86), 76-84.

The Relationship between Working Parents and Children Socialization Essay Example for Free

The Relationship between Working P arnts and Children sociableising EssayFirst break away The Problem of the break down and its ImportanceThe importance of this subscribe arises from its subject heartyization, which hardly reflects many amicable, cultural and political problems that any f identifyrnity may live at any stage of its history, where during enculturation process transferring the determine and norms of conjunction in which he wished planted in the hearts of its citizens to preserve the entity and deal with its problems.About Kuwaiti auberge it seems much measurable in this period of its history, which saw open to the world cultures out side Kuwaiti kingdom and seek with global problems, that period also increased the degree of urbanization and complexity in the affable systems that simple traditional Arab society, which was based on direct relations and Layout and tribal system, but now they experience become the socialising process more difficult and com plex and become dangerous, because women left wing for work and hiring nannies foreigners in the upbringing of shaverren, which lead to the shrinking role of the family in the process of generations enculturation. The family is the first and the largest social institution that have got responsibility is rearing generations, but unique in many stages of its history. The family is the social association consists of a husband, married fair sex and nestlingren or without children. may also consist of the husband al iodine with a children or wife alone, with their children. The family has grow to include grandp arnts, and some relatives to be involved in one living with the husband and wife and children (Ogburn Nimkoff, 1995).The family may be defined as the smallest, organized, and most basic durable ne deucerk of survival (Stackm 1996, P.31) we define family as any group of people related either biologi margin cally, emotionally, or legally. That is, the group of people tha t the patient defines as prodigious for his or her well up-being (McDaniel et al., 2005, P.2). As the social environs in which the child relates to outside world, and answerable for giving the child attributes and characteristics of his personality and the styles p arents in the upbringing consequent results reflected in the extremely important on the personality of children as well as the type of relationship that grows between parents and children and how the transaction is a signifi loafert starticularor included in the formation of the childs personality. (CM. Felming 1999, P26).The family is the first social unit, which carry the responsibility of upbringing children and hard to provide them with characteristics and attributes that help them to be good citizens in society, as well as prepare them socially to be able to confront live conditions and have the ability to face the problems met during their daily lives, also the family permissive atmosphere may satisfy childre n emotional needs, because if the child feel safe and trust in the family , it makes him fitting with their people around him.The socialization process of preparing the individual from birth, to be a social and a component in society. The family is the first environment amenable this preparation by receiving child, encounter him social behavior and go out native expression and cultural heritage as customs, traditions, social traditions and take, it seems resistance to these specifications and rates in the homogeneous ones arise as a viable member of society and the family in this would hardly have an environment in which the separate. Young adult males are the most helpless of all creatures unable to feed themselves, walk, and bawl out for many months, and non fully independent for many geezerhood. Young children have the biological potential to realise human skills, but they cannot do so alone. The few known cases of children reared in isolation children who survived with absolute token(prenominal) care indicate that humans cannot even learn to walk without social contact. The disposition of early human interaction was of bad-tempered interest to the American Sociologists Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead, Cooley developed the concept of the looking-glass-self the idea that we develop individual individuation by how early(a)s see us, Mead elaborated on this idea with his notion of significant others people whose judgments are important to us.Children first shape their behavior according to norms enforced by significant others. In time, they obey guidelines on their own. They have developed a conscience through a process that sociologists call internalization. Human learn the ways of the society from agents of socialization. The most important of these in a childs early years is the family. Through it, the child acquires the first statuses and rules (son or daughter, brother or sister) and learns basic values and norms. (for instance end up role socialization the different behaviors expected of male and female).At an early age, at least, a child is also exposed to other agents television. bandage tv injecttains and communicates knowledge, it also imparts values such as fighting and violence as a solution to problems.Communities are different like social and fosteringal institutions in the path taken by the methods and means of the practice of socialization of its members in an attempt to preserve its populace and transfer of their culture and their heritage to future generations, and families are different in the educational methods and ways of socialization, which parents deals with their children in the daily situations of for controlling their behavior and orientation and acquisition of the desired behavioral patterns derived from religion, language, values, traditions and knowledge of parents, and this difference is due to several(prenominal) factors, some of them related to parents thems elves the educational and cultural level and the level of scotch and social status of the family and other factors related to the construction of culture and circumstances of the family attachment the parents acquired during their childhood and their educational and life experience, as well as the conditions of society itself and the degree of urbanization faced by the goals it seeks to compass.The flips that have taken repoint in Arab Society in General and Kuwaiti society in particular led to the set up of direct and indirect on socialization process which, the Kuwaiti society is a homogeneous society has cultural identity and religious and guinea pigity Kuwaiti society affected by global changes and the culture of the walling States, both in patterns Conduct or social practices, which led to changes in methods of socialization for social change undergone by the community must be taken into account in the area of socialization move to understand the methods and the asso ciated problems where family relations in general is linked to culture and prevailing conditions of society, so a social studies confirm a change in the pattern of relations prevailing in the Arab society in general and in particular the Gulf society and the Saudi society as one of the society that have undergone a period of rapid economic and social change over the past decades, what to call the period of economic boom. These socioecomic changes included cultural changes, including family pattern of dealing in particular with regard to the ascendancy of the father in the family, which led to some sort of disagreement among some families in footing of decision-making in many things related to children. (Abd El Aziz El Shatry, 2004. P12). well-disposedization is a learning process that begins shortly by and by birth. Early childhood is the period of the most intense and the most crucial socialization. It is then that we acquire language and learn the fundamentals of our culture. It is also when much of our personality takes shape. However, we continue to be socialize end-to-end our lives. As we age, we enter newborn statusesand need to learn the appropriate rolesfor them. We also have experiences that teach us lessons and potentially lead us to alter our expectations, beliefs, and personality. For instance, the experience of being raped is likely to cause a woman to be distrustful of others. http//anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm Looking around the world, we see that different cultures use different techniques to socialize their children. There are two broad types of teaching methodsformal and informal.Formal educationis what generally happens in a classroom. It usually is structured, controlled, and directed primarily by adult teachers who are professional knowers. In contrast,informal educationcan occur anywhere. It involves imitation of what others do and say as well as experimentation and clamant practice of basic skills. This is what happens wh en children role-play adult interactions in their games. http//anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm Most of the crucial early socialization throughout the world is done informally under the supervision of women and girls. Initially, mothers and their female relatives are primarily responsible for socialization. Later, when children enter the lower school grades, they are usually under the control of women teachers. In North America and some other industrialized nations, baby-sitters are most often teenage girls who live in the neighborhood. In other societies, they are likely to be older sisters or grandmothers. http//anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm During the 1950s, Margaret Mead led an extensive field body of work of early socialization practices in six different societies. They were the Gusiiof Kenya, the Rajputsof India, the village of Tairaon the island of Okinawa in Japan, the Tarongof the Philippines, the MixtecaIndians of rally Mexico, and a New England community that wa s given the pseudonym Orchardtown. All of these societies shared in common the fact that they were relatively homogeneous culturally. Two general conclusions emerged from this study. First, socialization practices varied markedly from society to society. Second, the socialization practices were in general similar among people of the said(prenominal) society. This is not surprising since people from the same culture and community are likely to share core values and perceptions. In addition, we generally socialize our children in much the same way that our parents socialized us. Margaret Mead and her fellow investigateers found that different methods were used to control children in these six societies. For instance, the Gusii primarily used fear and physical punishment. In contrast, the people of Taira used parental praise and the holy terror of withholding praise. The Tarong main(prenominal)ly relied on teasing and scaring. http//anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htmAs the shift from extended family to nuclear family in Kuwaiti society to maximize family responsibility of the couple, house wife, who become people to become directly responsible for the care of all the affairs, which doubled because of increasing demands of modern life and the consequent accumulation of burdens also economic and social changes in Kuwaiti society and increasing opportunities for education and awareness among women led to participate in bearing the burden of living life by coming to work.Increasing women coming to work led to a change of roles within the family and led to the women to do anther works and roles, which impact on the care and socialization of children. The woman going out to work has important implications for building family.Human infants are born in our world without any culture, tradition or religion. They must be transformed by their parents, teachers, and others into cultural and socially adept animals. The general process of acquiring culture is referred to associalization. During socialization, we learn the language of the culturewe are born into as well as the roles we are to play in life. For instance, girls learn how to be daughters, sisters, friends, wives, and mothers. In addition, they learn about the occupational roles that their society has in store for them.We also learn and usually need our cultures normsthrough the socialization process.Normsare the conceptions of appropriate and expected behavior that are held by most members of the society. While socialization refers to the general process of acquiring culture, anthropologists use the termenculturationfor the process of being socialized to a particular culture. You were enculturated to your specific culture by your parents and the other people who raised you. http//anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htmSocialization is important in the process of personalityformation. While much of human personality is the result of our genes, the socialization process can mold it in partic ular directions by encouraging specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively providing experiences. These very likely accounts for much of the difference between the common personality types in one society which is in comparison to one another. For instance, the Semaitribesmen of the central Malay Peninsula of Malaysia typically are ennoble people who do not like violent, aggressive individuals. In fact, they avoid them whenever possible.In contrast, the YanomamIndians on the border area between Venezuela and Brazil usually train their boys to be tough and aggressive. The ideal Yanomam man does not shrink from violence and strong emotions. In fact, he seeks them out. Likewise, Shiite Muslim men of Iran are expected at times to publicly express their religious faith through the emotionally powerful act of self-inflicted pain. http//anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm Even try to make appropriate and balance between functional inside and outside the family including the int erestWomens work leads to a redistribution of roles within the family and its profound impact on husband and wife psychology as well as its impact on children.Often accompanied by womens physical exercise and redistribution of roles within the family affair in these roles, which is reflected negatively children social up brining who leave and the woman going out to work where their ambitions in education and desire to occupy the highest positions from the point of her desire to wedlock and independence the second makes it confuse two different things so that one at the expense of the other spouse publicized that the family unit is losing its immanent component and thus begin differences that lead to conflict.Womens work may lead to increase the divorce rate and complains the courts due to marital troubles and problems, which could be seen as a result of disagreement between traditional values that put in the hands of men influence power and authority the new circumstances that opens new horizons for women.Accompanied of womens employment some problems as crime and juvenile delinquent as due to children left for domestic and nannies to care weaken social upbringing. Weaken values and religious values in addition to the effective of control of the parents of children with a sense of vacuum, all that high discharges the social problems that lead children to deviance (Rafaat Besher, 2003, P.24).As the women employment in Kuwaiti state, and in the absence of sufficient nurseries have qualified supervision, as well as the economic boom, led to the hiring nannies and servants who carry out social service and welfare of children and their development and it is further bounteous that these nurses and workers from foreign countries differ culture, customs, traditions and the culture of healthy habits and the Kuwaiti society which has had a negative effect, including. (Ministry Of Working And Social Affairs, 1983, P60).Feeling of alienation and loss of children due to parental negligence.Lack of strong correlation and ties with one or both parents.Distribution of children between parents and nannies.Conflicting methods of socialization.Wide spreading of western social values which are different from the Kuwaiti values.Exposure to educational methods wrong.Impact the natural language acquisition and false information.The cause of foreign nannies seem in spreading of many of the practices and habits of Western society, which negatively affects the behavior patterns prevailing. Newspapers have several and numerous ethical and behavioral problems that occurred and practiced by servants and nannies and their impact on the upbringing of children (Refaat Bacheer, 2003, P. 243).Second Part Objectives of the study and its purposes The present study aims at identify the nature of socialization process and important techniques and methods of socialization that used by the family with working woman and other without working woman, also identifying facto rs effect on the nature of socialization.Purposes of the study 1- Identifying techniques and methods of socialization that was used by Kuwait families with their children.2- Disclosure of the great differences between socialization techniques and methods of families with working woman and others without working woman.3- The impact of the use of foreign nannies on the socialization of Kuwaiti child.4- Identifying the affected factors on socialization process of Kuwait child.Third Part Questions of the StudyWhat are the techniques and methods of socialization used by Kuwaiti family with children? and is there any different between these techniques and methods in both families with working woman and other without working woman ?What is the impact of utilize foreign nannies on socialization process for Kuwaiti child ?What is the impact of working woman on socialization process for Kuwaiti child?What are the main factors that affect a childs socialization process in Kuwait?Fourth partMe thodology of the Study The present study concerns with collecting data by using multi approaches through books review related to the study problem, Interview, social play along by smack way, schedule for two samples of families one of them includes working woman while other without working woman.In the following, the researcher allow address, in detail, the study methodology Literature review The first step to conduct the present study is to shed light on literature review related to the study subject whether it focuses on socialization process or focuses on working woman in the Arab Gulf societies in general and in particular in Kuwaiti society. This part literature review result form and help the quality and design the study methodology.Family survey and interviews The present study depends on social survey method to answer the study challenges and to achieve its goals, also social survey may aims at identifying techniques and methods used by Kuwaiti families to social up bringing their children.Also the effect of using foreign nannies on socialization process for children. Social survey also will provide with information and experiences about these subjects, and describe the current situation, design plan or program for social reform. Finally it helps to understand the study problem and factors caused it (Robert Barker , 1999, P, 32) try The researcher will select about (200) family to conduct the present study from Kuwaiti society, (100) of them has working woman and (100) family has non working woman. Sample of working wives work in the Ministry of Educational , the researcher will select similar sample victorious in considerations the following variables Disclosure of the great differences of families with working woman and the other families without working woman.Duration of the marriage is not less than 15 years.The existence of children, so the family should consists of not less than (3) children and their aged not les than (12) years. data c ollectorsThe researcher will collect data by himself he will meet families by using schedule interview.Data solicitation instrumentsQuestionnairesRecorderHandouts and GuidesThe schedule of Interview It consists ofPrimary dataTechniques and methods used by families in bringing up their children.The impact of working woman in socialization of their childrenFamily suggestions to meet social problems due to working woman.Data Analysis Data psychoanalysis will use quantitative analysis of certain transactions transact such as statistical ratio / middle / standard deviations , K2 / correlations, as well as qualitative analysis of the study data.The first and most important consideration in designing a study is its objectives.Statistical inference in particular, try ons of statistical significance may be of little interest, in which case statistical power need not be considered in determine the sample size needed. A researcher may instead wish to monitor a particular area mainly as a de scriptive tool.If data are gathered in a standardized fashion (Ralph et al.1993), the data from one area can contribute to regional or national monitoring programs, which likely have statistical inference as an objective. In many cases the number of move will be limited by available resources or by the physical areas of interest. Some researchers will be able to establish one, or at most, a couple of demographic monitoring stations. In those cases trustment of the station will usually be constrained by the location and size of the place of interest, by the density of the people of special concern, or be centered on the location of the families or persons of interest.Power calculations and sample size calculations both rely on the presumed magnitude of the effect in question. Clearly, the greater the presumed effect, the greater the power will be to describe that effect, and, conversely, the smaller the necessary sample size to detect an effect at a parental power. The difficulty here is that the true difference between groups is unknown, and moreover one cannot necessarily use the observed magnitude of an effect (e.g., observed difference between two groups) as the criterion for judging power.The following is a selective review of some statistical monetary value relevant to a researcher conducting a monitoring study. Our intention here is to re- acquaint the reader with terms and principles that may have rested dormant for many years.Accuracy An estimator is right if it produces estimates that are, on average, squiffy to the true value, i.e., without bias or with a minimum of bias. Accuracy is independent of precision (below). An estimate can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, or both accurate and precise. The difficulty is that often the true value is unknown and therefore accuracy is difficult to judge, except for simulated data where an investigator knows the true values.Bias The difference between the average estimate (more pre cisely, the expected value of the estimate) and the true value. Bias is not the same as error, rather it is one kind of error, overbearing error. If an estimate is as likely to be an overestimate as it is to be an underestimate, the estimator in question is unbiased, even though there will always be error associated with an estimate. To minimize bias would, by de?nition, maximize accuracy.Precision Refers to the variability of the estimate the smaller the variability (and thus the smaller the standard error) of the estimate, the greater the precision. As mentioned above, precision is independent of accuracy. An estimate can be very precise, but wildly outside (i.e., strongly biased). fictitious character I and Type II errors Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is correct is committing a Type I error. The probability of committing a Type I error is symbolized and is the significance level of a test of statistical inference.Duration of the study It begins from selecting sample a nd collecting data literature review and writing the last report of the study.Fifth partTime planMayLiterature reviewJuneJulyAugustIdentifying / selecting sampleSeptemberOctoberDesign data collection instruments viability / validityNovemberDecemberSchedule testJanuaryData collectionFebruaryMarchAprilData correctionMayQuantitative analysisQuantitative analysisJuneJulyWriting the research reportAugustSIX PARTReferencesAbd El Baset Mohamed Hassan, Social Research, Cairo , Wahba library, 1998.Abd El Aziz El Shatry , Family and its, Roles in Behavioral guidenc, ouet, Monhal Journal No, 563, 2001.B. Hurlock, Development of psychology, New Delhi , Mc Grow Hull , Publishing co, 1993.M, Felming, Adolesnt, social psychology , London, Rotelds kegan poul, 1999.Ibrahim Madkor, Social science Dictionary, Cairo, Publish institution for Books, 1990.Ministry of social Affairs on marking, the impact of foreign sisters , on the question family, Kuwait, 1993.McDaniel, S.H., Cambell, T.L., Hepworth, J. , Lorenz, A. Family-oriented primary care (2nd ed). New York, NY Springer , 2005.Stack, C.B. All our kin. New york, NY Basic Books, 1996.Ogburn Nimkoff, technology and ever-changing family, Cambridge , mass, 1955.Refat Besheer, social change in Arab gulf country , Dueit , Zot El salasl, 1987Robert Barsker, Social work Dictionary, Washington N.A.S.W, 1999Refe (united Nations public declaration of human rights. Retrieved July 11, 2005, From http//www.un.org/overview/rights.html , 1948.

Marketing environment Essay Example for Free

selling environment EssayProduct Offerings Kelloggs is in the eat food grain market. It principal produces are related to ready-to-eat cereals. In addition to this the company also manufactures and sells many convenience foods much(prenominal) as crackers, cereal bars, veggie foods, frozen waffles, toaster pastries, fruit snacks cookies etc. As of 2009, the manufacturing of these crossroads took place in 19 countries across the world and were sold in over 180 countries. The companys brands embroil Kelloggs, Keebler, Cheez-It, Murray, Austin and Famous Amos.The company also has several brand names attached to its products such as Apple Jacks, Mueslix, Pops, Corn Pops, Cruncheroos, Bran Buds, Cocoa Krispies, special K, Smacks etc in US Suchrilos and related products and Zucharita and related products in Latin America Vive and Vector in Canada Optima, Choco Pops, Muslix, Honey Loops, Country Store, Ricicles etc in Europe Cerola, Sultana Bran, BeBig, Chex, Frosties etc. in As ia and Australia (Kelloggs Investor Information). Following is the market share for the diametrical cereal brands over the past 14 years. condition of speech 12 Most Popular Cereal Brands (Topher, 2008) Target markets Customers Kelloggs has separated its business into two divisions matrimony America and International. The company generates two thirds of its revenues in North America which consists of United States and Canada. These are shown in the radiation pattern down the stairs. physical body 13 Kelloggs market sales by region, in millions (wikinvest, 2009) In United States, the biggest sell consumer of Kelloggs are the Wal-Mart Stores that accounts for about 20% of its net sale. In fact no other consumer accounts for more than than 10% of its net sales.Kelloggs revenue in North America is further divided into different sections based on product types such as cereals, snacks and frozen and specialty categories. This is shown in the exercise below. Fig 14 Kelloggs sales by Product Category (wikinvest, 2009) Competition The company faces contestation for sales of all of its principal products in its major markets, both domestically and internationally. The Companys products compete with advertised and branded products of a similar nature as well as unadvertised and private label products, which are distributed at begin prices, and also with other food products with different characteristics.Principal factors for competition include new product introductions, product quality, composition, and nutritional value, price, advertising and advancement (Kellogg). The primary competitors of Kelloggs are General Mills and Kraft which sells breakfast cereal under the Pos brand. Among this the revenues of Kraft are triple as compared to the other two brands with its leading segment being snacks. However, both Kelloggs and General Mills receive more of their revenues from the cereal segment. The table below shows the company comparison.Company Net Reven ues (in millions) International Revenues as % of sales Gross Margin % Kelloggs $ 10,906 32. 6% 44. 2% General Mills $ 12,442 17% 36% Kraft $ 34,356 32. 4 36. 1% Table 15 Company Comparison (wikinvest, 2009) Supply chain As mentioned, Wal-Mart accounts for about 20% of the companys product sales in United States. The company uses both its sales force as well as business arrangements with brokers and distributors to sell its products. The products are eventually resold to consumers in retail stores, restaurants and other food service establishments (Kelloggs Investor Information).The symbol below gives the different types of distribution channels of the company. Fig 16 Kelloggs distribution conduct (http//www. docstoc. com/docs/3584505/Kellogg%EF%BF%BDs-Marketing-Strategy-and-Marketing-Plans ) Market position Product Sales Regardless of the bad moments it has faced over the year, especially ingrained the 1990s, Kelloggs still the market leader in the US cereal market. Despite inc reasing competition Kelloggs has slowly increased its share in the market and control about 1/third of the market. This is followed by General Mills and Quaker and Post.In addition to this, Kelloggs controls as much as 50% of the market for new cereals in the United States with the introduction of more new cereals than either of its competitors. The figure below shows the 2008 US cereal market. Fig 17 US Cereal Market Share (wikinvest, 2009) The figure below shows the market share trends for the top cereal producers over the past 10 years. Fig 18 Market share trends for the past 10 years (Topher, 2008) Employment Financial statistics The company employs about 32400 employees general which its latest figures as of 2009.It has generated about 12. 8 billion in net worldwide sales of which its earning were $ 1. 1 billion. The company keeps low sales targets for its internal net sales since it is a mature market. The figures are betwixt 1-3 %. The company exceeded this target with a net sales growth of 9% in the year 2008 and a growth rate of 5. 4. The targets for internal operating margins are between 4-6% which the company achieved by reaching a figure of 4. 5%. The net earnings per share target for the company is between 7-9%.The company achieved a diluted earning per share grew by 8% which the currency neutral EPS grew by 10% which was more than its target. The figure below shows the financial highlights of the company for the past 3 years. Fig 19 Kelloggs 2008 financial highlights (Kelloggs Investor Information) Since one of the major draws of the company is the innovation of its products,, the company sets aside a considerable budget for RD. The uptake figures for this head were $181 million in 2008. The corresponding budget was $ 171 million in 2007 and $191 million in 2006.Marketing Advertising The company has an excellent marketing team which has used varied channels for sales and promotion of its products. These include Mass Advertising popular characters like Tony the TigerTM and Snap Crackle Pop TM, on TV Direct Promotions Coupons Trade Promotions In-store displays, Samples Personal Selling Prime-account reps, Area reps Penetration Chain stores, Independent wholesalers Sales impart Brand equity Logistics Finished goods warehouse centers or independent warehouses (Kelloggs Company Products).

The Inheritors by William Golding Essay Example for Free

The Inheritors by William Golding stressAbstractThis analytical essay presents an in-depth analysis of the keep back The Inheritors, which was written by William Golding. The bibliography appends one source in APA format.OutlineIntroductionPrimary ideas of the readingReflection of the time in which the reading was producedPersonal reply to the readingConclusionIntroductionGolding favored this work above all his others. Many use up hold that his account of the final defeat of the last Neanderthal individuals at the hands of the emergent benignant line of achievement is powerfully and above all consistently imagined. The triumphs and disasters of the future are tragically implicit in this summoning of the conquest of an earlier, gentler group by those who are for in effect(p) and ill our ancestors.Anonymous William Golding was one of the most epoch-making cleanists of the 1950s and the 1960s. Golding was awarded the Nobel pl downstairsing for Literature in the social class 1983 and he besides won the Booker Prize in the year 1980. The Inheritors is a well- cognize book written by William Golding, who is the compose of the famous brisk Lord of the Flies. Written in the year 1955, the book is based on Neanderthals and humankind sapiens and essentially shows the inherent savage reputation of the Homo sapiens. The e rattlingwherebold is ab by the last of the Neanderthals and how the Homo sapiens gained victory over them by the use of brutality and pretense with their natural greatestity.The Neanderthals hit been shown as very easy wad, whose most prominent characteristic is that they think in images. In their world, understanding someone meant being fitted to see their picture. Also, in their highly amusing world, fire and water claim the ability to be stir or go by asleep and nevertheless a put down decides where and how to place itself in the water. As the author says, He had thought that he must make sure the log was still in horizon be private road if the water had addressn the log or if the log had crawled of on business of its own then the people would affirm to trek a days journey round the swamp and that meant danger or even more discomfort than usual (Golding, p.12). The books written by William Golding are all based on the depravity of the human mind and nature. The Inheritors is one of those books. In the novel the author has brilliantly by dint of his visual modality recreated the world of the Neanderthals and of the successors of the Neanderthals, that is, the first of the human species. As mentioned above The Inheritors was the personal favorite of William Golding break of all his books and novels, and is cerebrate to the disappearance of the last of the Neanderthals by the hands of the much more refined and sweetly advanced species drive inn as the Homo sapiens.Primary Ideas of the ReadingHis novelswith the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and universality of myth, tidy up th e human condition in the world today Sweidsh Academy Nobel Prize Citation The Inheritors is a novel written by William Golding as an imaginative reconstruction of the life of a group og Neanderthals. William Golding in this novel takes the readers for a journey through the world of the ill-mannered men and the world is such that is seen by the look, visions, and untiring language expressions of the first of the reality. The characters have been drawn by the author rather very sensitively, covering each and every characteristic of theirs. In the novel, the language of the Neanderthals is limited to images or pictures, which they form in their mind. For example, in the linguistic communication of the author, He shut his eyes and frowned at the picture of the log (Golding, p.12).The Neanderthals were highly dependant on their senses. They utilise them to detect intruders and to assure safety, As the author writes, Then he searched the forest with ear and nose for intruders and only if when he was sure of safety did he hurtle down his thorn bush and kneel by the water (Golding, p.12). The mental images of theirs are used by the Neanderthals to show them the focus to food, their seasonal homes and to save them from accomplishable dangers. The descriptions that have been given by the author are very precise. Marvelously defined are the surround and getings of all the characters.Cold, drenched, starving, reliance on a sense of smell, stones for armaments, hyenas indicating a kill for the group of our most primitive ancestors to steal, and a blossoming plant intertwined forest of the early spring abounding with a mystical scrap woman to be worshipped. This block of ice spotn as Oa is worshipped and awed by the integral of the tribe of Neanderthals. The book has been written by the author in such a way that at times one begins to consider the Neanderthals as the Homo sapiens. The Neanderthals are portrayed as characters, which do not talk but only gestur e to each other, form images in their mind and carry out the burial of their dead with heartfelt, solemn rituals. There are only eight of the remaining Neanderthals in the story, out of which there are six adults and a small girl and an infant. The tribal clan is led by a Neanderthal namely Lok. The story begins with a pair of Neanderthals who witness the death of a outspring of people of their group, which later proceeds on to the the kidnap of the infant neandethral. The parents of the infant neandethral begin observing the human species that live on a river island (and are scared of Neandethrals as they consider them demons of the forest). The neandethrals have their own spiritual rituals and while observing the humans through the tress they find out that the humans have completely various rituals.The religious activities of the Neandethrals are touch around Oa, the block of ice, while the activites of the Homo sapiens were centered around a female matriarch-priestess. The humans live across the river and the Neandethrals are extremely scared of get over the water due to the incident that they cannot swim hence they are very scared to walk through the water to save their daughter. The homo sapiens have captured the daughter of the Neandethrals because their priestess wishes to keep her as her pet as she fancies the red her and the childish features of the infant. The new people, that is the homo sapiens are extremely different.The new people have already built boats, have weapons such as bows and arrows, have a very complex way of life and live rather sophisticated lives, know how to ferment honey into had used the bow-and-arrow as a formidable weapon, developed a more complex well-disposed structure, knew how to ferment honey into liquor, and also know of ways to protect themselves from h armful elements. These two groups of people have no single thing vernacular surrounded by each other and do not gain anything common by the end of the novel.Th e new people, that is the homo sapiens have brought a broad with them art, war, lust, intoxication etc and eventually a battle takes place between them in order to see who the superior power is or that who has the ability to survive in the long run and who has the dominating power. A number of kidnaps as well as murders take place, but after all, humans with their treachery and sharp minds take over the Neanderthals and wipe them off the sur bet of earth. The Neanderthals had long in the lead accepted the fact that the new species that is the Homo sapiens have such knowledge, wisdom, and weapons, control over the elements etc that the simpler species that is the Neanderthals would face nothing but doom at their hand.Reflection of the time in which the reading was produced The Inheritors was written in the year 1955. By then, the general perception related to the first humans was that the Neanderthals had become distinct and they disappeared because of the fact that they fell in lov e with their beautiful human neighbors, that is the Homo sapiens. However, The Inheritors shows us a completely different picture. The book was written at a time when nearly nothing was known of the days when Neanderthals walked on earth.Back then, no research what so ever had been conducted regarding the period of the Neanderthals and the first humans and the way the humans had taken over the Neanderthals. It was in the 1950s that it was found that the primitive people, the first Homo Sapien had come up with a way to cross the water and not drown. This was a time when nothing was known of our ancestors, their society, their social lives, their characteristics, their features and all of this had to be brought out into the open so that we may realize just what we used to be and what we are now sadly, there is not much of a difference. When one goes through the book under consideration, that is, The Inheritors, he or she gets to see his ancestors. The ancestors, who had already made weapons, were extremely ignorant, had the tendency to kill for their own good and were completely corrupt. It was conceptualized back then (when the book was written) from what little was known virtually the Neanderthals that the Homo sapiens were superior to the Neanderthals. This according to Golding was untrue. The Homo sapiens were not superior in anyway what so ever. What the Homo sapiens were was more evil and clever. While going through the book today, we see a part of the accredited humans in the Homo sapiens of the first kind. There are extreme similarities between us and the Homo sapiens that have been portrayed by Golding in his book. The novel has been written close a time when the Neanderthals were disappearing and a new much cleverer and well-occupied kind of man came into being. These men were the Homo sapiens and they were none other than our ancestors. The Neanderthals were disappearing because of the Homo sapiens as they were gaining power over the land. Back t hen, the Homo sapiens killed the Neanderthals and today humans are killing off each other, which proves that man has not changed at all since then.Personal Response to the Reading In the book we see a group of Neanderthals (they did not have family relations) who lived a peaceful life in their own world. Changes in the climate, the arrival of the Homo sapiens on the other side of the river on with certain bad omens from their God have upset them. The changes in the current environment is upsetting them because of the fact that they are not at all equipped to hairgrip the changes that are taking place and all they have is the knowledge that they have inherited from their ancestors and completely pretermit in creative abilities and skills unlike the Homo sapiens who have equipped themselves with all it takes to counter the changing environment and are not at all afraid of the elements.These newcomers or the Homo sapiens have been portrayed as very clever, quick-witted beings that unlike the Neanderthals have a language and they also take up violence in order to get what they want. They notice that the Homo sapiens were armed with bows and arrows along with sharp tools that were made out of bone and they could cross the river without drowning by the use of rowing logs (boats). My personal answer to the reading is that the book is very elicit although highly confusing as well. But no government issue what, the book is very absorbing and it also presents us with an insight into the social life of the humans as to how humans can survive with only the earth as a guide for them to live.I believe that the story is somehow a bit disturbing, as it reveals the truth about our ancestors and it is rather hurtful to know that it was our ancestors, who were among the first to begin manslaughter. It is disturbing to find out that our ancestors were the ones who destroyed an entire species. This notion makes the reader feel very sympathetic towards the Neanderthals and i t shows that the weak or the submissive people are not the inheritors of earth. They somehow, struggle to put up with the changing circumstances and we further see them failing badly. This piece of writing shows us the phantom that exists in the heart of the humans since the very beginning. It shows that the history of mankind is full of violence and barbaric acts that have been carried out against the innocent. Perhaps, the author is trying to show the two sides of a human beings nature. The innocent and caring nature of the Neanderthal symbolizing the love that perhaps every human has locked up deep within himself and the violent nature of the Homo sapiens depicting the darker side of a human being. The Neanderthals were very simple and believed in even a wooden log having its own will.They talked in pictures and thoughts. They believed in water being awake(p) and awake or asleep. As the writer says, the water was not awake like the river or the fall but asleep, spreading there to the river and waking up, stretching on the right into wildernesses of impassable swamp and clash and bog. So sure was he of this log the people always used that he opened his eyes again, beginning to smile as if he were waking out of a dream but the log was gone (Golding, p.12).The only idea that I personally disagree with is that of telepathy between the Neanderthals. The story tells us that they did have the ability to talk, but they did not do so. Another aspect of the book which can cause problems for a reader is the fact that it is written completely from the point of view of Lok, hence certain things about the going-ons are somehow confusing as it lacks clarity. At times one does not even know as to what is going on. But all in all, the entire book is very interesting and it lets a person learn much about they ways of his or her ancestors. The book is very edifying and the fact that it is disturbing can be ignored in order to learn the truth about history and primitive me n.Conclusion In the light of the above discussion we can hereby end that the book under consideration, that is, The Inheritors was written by William Golding. The book was penned down by the author in the year 1955 after his extremely famous novel known as Lord of the Flies. The basic theme of the book is to educate the people about their ancestors that are the first of the Homo sapiens and the ways by which they took over the Neanderthals who were the last of their kind.The Neanderthals were simple, caring yet curious, while the Homo sapiens were clever, quick-witted, could cheat and commit treachery and could also get violent in order to get what they want. Eventually the Homo sapiens finished off the last generation of Neanderthals and took over the earth, or in other words, became the inheritors of earth. The book is at times very disturbing but all in all it is a good read as it tells us of the ways of our ancestors, which still prevail in our society and makes one think as to why we have not changed at all in all these years.BibliographyGolding, W. (1955). The Inheritors. United Kingdom. Harvest Books. ISBN 0156443791. Page 12

Understanding of Life after Death Essay Example for Free

Understanding of life after ending EssayWith root to the topics you incur investigated, examine and comment on the claim that the teachings of the sassy testament do non attach anything of value to our value of our understanding of Life after Death. (50 marks)The claim that the teachings of the New Testament do non add anything of value to our value of our understanding of life after death is a very(prenominal) good-looking claim to make. With confer wi soce to the topics I put one over investigated, 1Cor 15, St. capital of Minnesota, Soma, The Soul, Dualism, Monism and the Empty Tomb, I give examine and comment on that claim. This claim is controversial because it has many objections from other scholars and many rescuerians.In 1 Corinthians 15 there argon sestet key surgical incisions. The first base of which is Christs Resurrection. Here capital of Minnesota is keen to fall apart the Corinthians that he isnt the teacher on life after death and that he is simpl y pas take advantageg on rescuer message, because as we know, Jesus was the teacher and his apostles, which later included Paul after Damascus, were his messengers.The second section is the denial of the resurrection. Paul says that rough people grapple that there will be no resurrection of the every last(predicate) of a sudden and both(prenominal) scholars argue that this is not a theological argument, except Paul argues that the individual is immortal and not the ashes. Paul illustrates the theological implications of the objections from Corinth argon that if dead men dont establish, so Christ did not rise and Christian faith is expel. Paul continues to say that if Christ was not maked, thence our preaching is useless. intelligibly Jesus resurrection must have happened as the tradition has survived.The ordinal section is all almost the consequences of Christs resurrection. Barrett writes that the resurrection of Christ is a pledge and proof of the resurrection of h is people. St Paul makes a direct connecter between Adam and Christ, Adams actions had far reaching consequences such as original sin and Christs Resurrection has too such consequence such as universal salvation. Paul goes on about cardinal several(predicate) orders, Christ and his believers. Morris argues that the classic articulate for destroyed does not imply fighting, alone that all rule, other than Christ, we will be rendered null and void.Section four is all about the Arguments from Christian Experience. V29 brings about an abrupt change in focus, and St Paul moves from Christ to Christian. Section five goes on about a embodied resurrection. St Pauls uses the miracle of the harvest and says that ar bodies are sown up in corruption, dishonour and weakness, merely if it will be raised in incorruption, glory and power. Pauls teaching of a canonised bole is a marked difference from Jewish thought, as they expected an identical automobile trunk.Section six and the last section is about the victory over death. This is where Paul made clear that those who rise will be different and not flesh and blood. Paul stresses the continuity present and future state with four times use of the word this. He emphasises that this decay up to(p) and this mortal will be clothed with imperishablity and immortality. In my opinion, 1Cor 15 doesnt help the claim that the teachings of the New Testament do not add anything to our understanding of Life after Death because it tells us about how we can overturn death and destroy it.John Drane argues that Pauls conversion on the road to Damascus, together with Jesus Passion, Death and Resurrection, led him to believe that he was truly bread and hardlyter in the presence of divinity fudge. From a close study of the New Testament, it can be argued that St Paul changed his precept about resurrection as time progressed. St Paul spoke about coming to the Christians.The Parousia is the final victory over evil, when Jesus ri ses again. Initially, St Paul held a strong apocalyptic mint which was that all Christians will live until the Parousia, yet this was challenged by the Thessalonian Christians, as many of them began to die. St Paul then said that those who have died will be raised to refreshful life at the Parousia. He then added that those who were still living at the end of time of the Parousia would be transformed at the said(prenominal) instant. St Paul then stated that this transformation would not be sudden, besides a gradual change, beginning with conversion and terminal with death, which would lead directly into a new existence in a odorual body without the collect for the Parousia to arrive first.Drane argues that the change in St Pauls thinking represents a change from primitive Jewish view to a more than sophisticated position that owed a lot to the influence of Greek philosophy. The Greek Tradition is that the Hellenistic thinking originated from Plato who said that the instinc t is immaterial and does not occupy space. It hence does not disintegrate. It is immortal. Whereas the Jewish view is that they believed that, in some way, the soul begins to perish at death, and the psycho- visible unity that was the psyche is re-created elsewhere.The question has been asked as to whether Paul ever believed in spiritual resurrection? Whether Paul did believe in a spiritual resurrection, then that would prove to help our understanding on Life after Death. almost scholars disagree with the notion that St Paul believed in a purely spiritual resurrection, as this is a very primitive Christian belief that has since been replaced with belief in a natural resurrection. However Carrier and Friedman manage that there are a number of arguments to support this view. First, that St Paul experienced a vision on the road to Damascus, during which he was converted. Therefore, it is conceivable to suggest that the appearances were understood by Paul to also be visions, and n ot literally physical occurrences, as portrayed in the Gospel of Luke and John.For Paul used the equal Greek word to describe the appearance in both instances. Secondly, that in 1Cor 15, Paul writes of perishable and imputrescible bodies he also makes a distinction between things of earth and things of heaven. Because he doesnt disclaim the popular belief that things of heaven are ethereal, it can be argued that the people at Corinth already accepted it. Therefore, it is prima facie that it is reasonable to suggest that St Paul was implying that the imperishable body was ethereal, and not physical. Furthermore, St Paul literally makes this distinction calling the perishable body psychikos which means a natural body and the imperishable body pneumatikos which is a spiritual body, and says that they both co-exist in one body.He says that the body we know, the body of flesh, is own only this other, second body, the body of the spirit, rises to new life. Finally, St Paul says, that fl esh and blood cannot inherit the Kingdom of God because they are part of the perishable body, whereas it is an imperishable body that rises to new life. Yet these arguments have been outright rejected by the majority of scholars, who favour the head that St Paul did actually believe in a bodily resurrection. So why does it seem so convincing that St Paul believed in a bodily resurrection? Scholarly debate has identified that firstly, Pauls self-identified Jewish heritage precludes such a conclusion. Secondly, that the language Paul uses to describe the resurrection, most notably sort, emphasises the physical nature of the resurrected psyche. And thirdly and finally, Pauls belief that Christians immediately went to be with Jesus upon their death, only if still awaited a resurrection demonstrates that the resurrection being discussed was a physical one.I believe that there is no doubt that there is a strong Jewish background to Christianity. Carrier and Friedman ignore this backg round, arguing that because Christianity changed some Jewish beliefs, there is no part of Judaism that is informative to Christianity. The little regard that Carrier and Friedman exhibit for Pauls Jewish background is in direct contravention of the importance Paul clearly places on it. Carrier again attempts to confuse the issue by arguing that, even if Paul was a Jew, only the Pharisees believed in a bodily resurrection. The Sadducees and Essenes did not. Moreover, Young argues that Pharisees stressed a literal resurrection of the physical body, which would be reunited with the spirit of an individual. By aligning himself with a Pharisaic background, Paul provides us with an important insight into the meaning he attaches the term resurrection he believed in a physical resurrection of the body.Soma emphasises the physical. In his writing, St Paul uses the Greek word soma to refer to the body. Importantly, he does not use it solely for referring to resurrection strengthening the argu ment that when it is used to refer to resurrection, it will die but it will also be resurrected. Soma is also mentioned in the NT but not referring to resurrection. In 1Cor 153, Paul says that his soma is not present with the Corinthians, but his spirit is emphasising the physical nature of the soma. Barrett argues that Pauls use of the word spirit here colloquial sort of than theological. In Rom 419, soma is used to describe how the bodies of Abraham and Sarah were too old to be conceptive its physical nature, again, stressed. Accordingly, the very fact that Paul uses the term soma to explain the resurrection demonstrates that he is referring to a physical event that involves the body of the believer.Additionally, Paul uses the analogy of the seed, stressing the continuity of the earthly body with the resurrected glorious body. In 1Cor 1550-54 Sanders comments that immortality is put on and replaces mortality. Paul was not thinking of an interior soul which escapes its mortal she ll and floats free, nor the new life being take a breath into the same body, but again of transformation, achieved by covering mortality with immortality, which it swallows emphasising the physical. Wright and Barrett argue similar points. My own personal opinion is that Paul believed more in a spiritual resurrection but he didnt rule out a physical resurrection. In light of the statement I think that this is an influential part of our understanding of Life after death because it helps us understand which resurrection was more likely.The term soul refers to ourselves, who earn rewards and consequences by coming to know, or failing to come to know, God by faith. We will come to earn blissful life in heaven, or eternal loss of heaven. Jesus parables clearly teach us that it is the same self judgement which faces judgement after death as the self who lived on earth in the body. There are three different theories about the soul. The first scheme being the Theory of Origen. The soul e xisted in the heavenly realms before descending into this world, and that its present bondage in a material body is the result of a primeval fall from grace. This was never wide accepted, and rejected by the Church at the Council of Constantinople in 540 AD.The second argument is that of Traducianism. The theory that the soul-substance which God breathed into Adam has been passed down through generation after generation of his descendants by continual division. To some extent, this draws parallel with modern genetic science everything comes from a gene pool. This was gradually abandoned by the Church. The third and final argument is that of Creationism. Each new soul is a new divine creation which God attaches to the growing foetus at some point between conception and birth.This was enshrined by the First Vatican Council, who declared that God creates a new soul and infuses it to ach man. However, Creationist thought is incompatible with the findings of modern science as it suggest s that there are characteristics of the self that are derived neither from genetic inheritance nor from interaction with the environment Dawkins would sarcasm this theory, saying it was none-sense. Personally i believe that the soul is resurrected and moves on in life and that our bodies will rise up at the Parousia. Therefore it is an important aspect to our understanding of life after death.Monism is the theological view that all is one and this will help us understand Life after Death benignant beings are made up of one substance and that what it is to be military personnel can be specify in material terms because the soul cannot be separated from the body. Monism comes in a number of different forms some argue that the soul and body are one, whilst others reject the concept of soul altogether and that the body is one substance on its own.People were beginning to speak of the soul as the ghost at heart the machine the body. Ryle argued that this was a category mistake as the language was being used incorrectly. By describing the soul in this way, the soul is being proposed as something extra inside the body, which can physically identified at bottom a person. Ryle argues that to talk of the soul is to talk about the way a person acts and integrates with others in federation it, consequently, is not separate and distinct.Dawkins perspective of Monism is that the view that we can only know what we are able to through empirical observation verify. The soul does not exist separately from the body as it cannot be verified. This is known as Materialism. relate to Dawkins is that he believed that humans are bytes of digital information there is no soul as we are simply the sum of our genes. The soul cannot survive death, there is only the survival of DNA. Dawkins can be set forth as a Harsh Materialist because he does not believe in life after death.He believes it is nonsense to talk of a life after death as one body is dead, it ceases to function. Dawkin s claims that human brain has now fully evolved because we are now at a stage where we are able to predict the result of our actions, enabling us to choose how to behave. Therefore, humans continue to evolve because of the need to groom our memes (the way in which we mimic behaviour from other humans), not because of the genetic need to display our consciousness as a human race. I fell that this is important to our understanding of Life after Death because it allows us to see and understand the different attitudes to life after death.Soft Materialists still support monism but, conflicting Harsh Materialists, they do believe in a life after death. The main supporter of cracked materialism is John Hick, who proposes a replica theory. The strengths to this theory are, one, if you accept Gods omnipotent existence, then procreation Theory is perfectly plausible. Second, Replica Theory does not posit a soul, and so does not have to justify its existence. Thirdly, the Replica Theory a nswers the conflicting claims argument because, according to Hick, everyone goes to heaven, regardless of their religion/beliefs. Fourth, the theory does not depend upon dualism and so is acceptable to more people. Finally, in terms of logic, Replica Theory is possible.The criticisms of the Replica Theory are, one, Vardy challenges Hick by questioning whether the replicated being would be the same person. Is a replica the same as the original? Secondly, Vardy further argues that there is a break in continuity for a person to stop existing in one place and be replicated in another there has to be a break in continuity of existence. So much so that the replicated person cannot be the same person. Thirdly, Williams simply argues that an endless life of replications would be increasingly boring and result in a nonsense(prenominal) life (an argument against Christian beliefs). Finally, logical possibility does not equate to factual possibility.Dualism however, is the idea that the poin t and body are two separate substances. It is possible to survive death, as the soul disembodies. Human beings live of both physical minds and that the mind is the essence of a person. This belief supports the immortality of the soul.Plato was a dualist who believed that the soul and body are two separate substances that interact with each other. Plato argued that the real identity of the person lies with the soul. He argued that the body and the mind are often in opposition he saw the body as a hurting and a bind. It is not the real person. Plato wrote We may say I have a body but not I am a body.Plato believed that the real person is separate and distinct from the body it inhabits. The soul existed prior to being in the present body and, on death, will leave the body. The soul is on a higher level of reality than the body, being immortal with understanding of the realm of ideas. The body is concerned with the senses, the soul with reason. The soul is not always perfect because t he body corrupts it and drags it down. Humans have the projection of taking care of the soul, but this is easily corrupted. This helps our understanding of life after death because it gives us two sides of the argument for a spiritual or bodily resurrection and why they are both accepted.There is a wealth of scholarly debate on the historicity and significance of the empty grave. The empty tomb will tell us if Jesus resurrection was bodily or spiritual, because he rose in body but then the robes were left perfect, as if to say that he floated up out of them, making it a spiritual resurrection.Arguments against the empty tomb detail are the fact that, St Paul gives the official Christian list of resurrection appearances, without making a single reference to the empty tomb. Also, sceptics claim that the body of Jesus was simply stolen (i.e. not resurrected) or undercover by the disciples, making any post-resurrection appearances documented in NT nothing more than spiritual visions. The Swoon surmise proposes that Jesus never actually died on the cross, but entered into a coma, from which he awoke whilst in the tomb, and so therefore never resurrected. Some go as far as saying that Joseph of Arimathea offering a tomb for the body of Jesus is an invention of early Christians who were desperate to make a bodily resurrection seem possible. Dawkins would acquiesce this. If these arguments were to be accepted, then it would suggest that there was no spiritual resurrection, it was purely bodily, if there even was a resurrection.Arguments for the historicity of the empty tomb, i can be said, of the stolen body theory Hick says that it would have been impossible for the disciples to do at Pentecost, less than 2 months after Jesus crucifixion to have publicly proclaimed the resurrection in Jerusalem (within a mile or so of the tomb), if his body was still there and able to be produced. Brown argues that there was an understandable hostility in the early church toward the Jewish leaders. In Christian eyes, they had engineered a judicial murder of Jesus. Therefore, because Joseph of Arimathea was a part of the Sanhedrin that condemned Jesus, it is highly unlikely that he was a Christian invention (there is no reason why Christians would make up a story about a Jewish Sanhedrinist who does what is right by Jesus).The empty tomb is reported by many free-lance early sources (incl. Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn, and Paul). Jewish historian Josephus reports that Jewish women were not even allowed to serve as witnesses in court of law making it even more remarkable that it was women who discovered the empty tomb (surely this detail would have been omitted or changed if it were not true?). My own personal opinion is that there was a resurrection, but going on the arguments given to us, I think that it was a bodily resurrection and that I would fall under the bracket of a monist.I believe that the New Testament teachings help us in our understanding of Life after Deat h because it teaches us about the body and soul, but I believe that it was a bodily resurrection because i believe the that the body and soul must have been working together as one to raise Jesus from the dead, because if it was one or the other then Jesus would have come back as a different person. Others would disagree with me because they feel that the bible is made up and that the historicity aspect is just co-occurrence and that it was a recent write-up of events of landmarks still existing today.This view fails because Johanine eschatology proves otherwise. The pool with five porticos still exists today, and that wouldnt have been included in Johns gospel if it didnt exist in Johns time. The eschatological aspect of it is that Jesus second coming will be at the Parousia when, we rise, bodily and spiritually to overcome death and evil.